ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING THE SUPPORT SYSTEMS OF TANK WAGON BOILERS

Abstract

Based on a critical analysis of existing scientific and technical solutions, the article identifies systemic deficiencies in traditional tank car vessel support systems: lack of adaptation to variable dynamic loads, stress concentrations in welded zones, and low damping capacity. Unlike most existing studies, which primarily focus on structural reinforcement, this research substantiates a fundamentally different approach: the controlled reduction of dynamic loading through the introduction of friction links with elastic elements. The scientific novelty is formulated as follows: for the first time, a comprehensive optimization criterion for the “vessel – supports – frame” system has been proposed, simultaneously accounting for the stiffness, dissipative, and geometric parameters of the support nodes. Based on an analysis of scientific publications and technical solutions, the study identifies key trends in improving support systems, including the use of elastic and friction elements, the optimization of support geometry, and the reduction of structural material intensity. Particular attention is paid to the application of mathematical modeling and finite element method (FEM) for assessing the stress-strain state of the “vessel – supports – frame” interaction nodes. It was found that accounting for friction forces and nonlinear contact interactions significantly enhances the accuracy of calculations and the validity of engineering decisions The paper explores promising modernization directions, specifically the implementation of friction links with elastic elements that provide vibration damping and reduce dynamic load levels. It is shown that such solutions reduce stresses in critical structural zones, extend operational life, and decrease the probability of emergency situations. Additionally, the study addresses the improvement of repair technologies and reinforcement of support zones, including the use of rationally shaped plates and enhancing the quality of welded joints. As a result, scientifically grounded recommendations for optimizing the parameters of tank car vessel support systems have been formulated. The findings can be applied in the design of new and modernization of existing rolling stock structures, as well as in the improvement of the regulatory framework within the railcar manufacturing industry.