COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RAPID PROTOTYPING METHODS: 3D PRINTING AND CASTING USING HYDROCOLLOID AND SILICONE ELASTIC MOLDS

Abstract

Elastic pattern molds manufactured from alginate and silicone impression materials present viable, cost-effective alternatives for 3D printing rapid prototyping technologies, particularly in scenarios prioritizing speed and material affordability. This article examines the dimensional accuracy, costs, time efficiency, and ecological properties, defining the feasibility and scope of use for hydrocolloid and silicone elastic molds in investment casting for rapid prototyping. The study researches the properties of commercially available dental materials: alginate compounds (CA37, Tropicalgin, Hydrogum5, and Hydrocolor5), condensation and additive silicones (Zhermack Elite HD and Optosil), as well as the 3D printing technologies of stereolithography (SLA) and fused deposition modeling (FDM). The research shows that alginate compounds present a viable option for prototyping non-critical components; they ensure high production speed and reduce equipment and materials expenses with minimal negative impact on the environment. Silicone pattern molds ensure high precision and cost-effectiveness of small-scale prototype batches. Compared to impression materials for elastic pattern molds, 3D printing technologies produce the highest level of precision, but they require significant initial equipment and materials investment, as well as a resource drain, which increases its negative environmental impact. Key findings highlight the advantages and limitations of alginate and silicone casting molds, offering a comprehensive perspective on their application in modern prototyping workflows.