DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR 3D MODELING OF LANDSLIDE PROCESSES USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING AND GNSS MEASUREMENTS

Abstract

Landslide processes are among the most common and simultaneously dangerous forms of geodynamic phenomena, posing serious threats to infrastructure, the environment, and human life. Effective study and monitoring of such processes require highly accurate spatial data on terrain changes and ground mass movements. In this context, the use of modern geodetic technologies, particularly GNSS measurements and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), becomes especially relevant. The aim of this study is to develop an integrated methodology for three-dimensional modeling of landslide processes by combining GNSS and TLS data. The paper discusses the principles and specific features of GNSS systems and TLS technologies in the context of geomonitoring. A stepby- step algorithm for data integration – from field collection to processing and 3D modeling of the landslide area – is proposed. In particular, GNSS provides precise coordinates of control points and the dynamics of displacements over time, while TLS enables detailed spatial reconstruction of the landslide surface. The combination of these datasets allows not only for visualization of the current state of the landslide but also for analysis of deformation rates and vectors. As a result, a methodological scheme for GNSS and TLS integration has been developed to monitor landslides, ensuring enhanced accuracy and informativeness of 3D models. The methodology was tested under the conditions of the Pershotravnevyi Quarry in Kryvyi Rih and can be adapted to various geomorphological settings. It has potential applications in early warning systems, geotechnical planning, and risk assessment. The obtained results can also be used for periodic monitoring, spatial deformation analysis, and the development of protective measures in areas of active instability.